COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INFERTILITY ETIOLOGIES AND ART PRACTICES IN ABUJA AND JOS, NIGERIA (2016–2022)

Abstract

Purpose: Infertility, defined as failure to conceive after one year of unprotected sexual intercourse, remains a major reproductive health challenge with significant social consequences in sub-Saharan Africa. It has multifactorial causes involving both male and female factors. This study evaluated infertility etiologies and assisted reproductive technology (ART) practices in Abuja and Jos, Nigeria, between 2016 and 2022. Methods: A retrospective review of 26,233 patient records from four fertility hospitals (two in Abuja and two in Jos) was conducted. Data extracted included patient demographics, identified male and female infertility factors, and ART utilization patterns. Statistical analysis was performed to compare regional variations in infertility etiologies. Results: Of the 26,233 records analyzed, 14,590 (55.6 %) were from Jos and 11,643 (44.4 %) from Abuja. Among males, azoospermia and oligozoospermia were the most prevalent causes of infertility, with the highest azoospermia burden recorded at Abuja Hospital B (22 ± 4 cases). Female infertility was predominantly associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and tubal disease, with Abuja Hospital B reporting the highest number of PCOS cases (143). Significant regional variation was observed in male infertility, particularly azoospermia (F = 5.622, p = 0.014), whereas female infertility rates did not differ significantly between the two locations. Variations were also observed in ART utilization patterns across the centres. Conclusion: Male infertility, especially azoospermia, showed significant regional differences between Abuja and Jos, while female infertility patterns were relatively similar. These findings highlight the need for region-specific reproductive health strategies and improved access to ART services in Nigeria.