Alleviation of clastogenic, hematotoxic, and nephrotoxic effects of Potassium dichromate by hydro-ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera in rats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26538/tjdr/v2i4.3Keywords:
Chromium(VI), Moringa oleifera, Micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes, Oxidative stress, Antioxidants, Hematology, Nephrotoxicity, High-performance liquid chromatographyAbstract
Purpose: Chromium (VI) is a human carcinogen associated with tissue toxicity, affecting blood and kidneys. The adverse effects of current intervention regimens necessitate investigation into potential antidotes from medicinal flora such as Moringa oleifera Lam (M. oleifera), which exhibits notable pharmacological attributes. This study assesses the impact of the hydro-ethanol extract of M. oleifera (HEMO) on potassium dichromate [K2Cr2O7]-induced clastogenicity, hematotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity.
Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided equally into six groups. They were treated with 12 mg/kg K2Cr2O7, 3.5 mg/kg, and 7 mg/kg HEMO either alone or in combination. The K2Cr2O7 was given intraperitoneally once weekly, while HEMO was given orally daily for 5 weeks. Control rats had distilled water daily for 5 weeks by gavage.The levels of bone marrow micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (mPCEs), packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, relative kidney weight (RKW), blood urea and creatinine were assessed following the 5-week treatment period and sacrifice. Renal malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were also determined. Additionally, renal histopathology and HPLC determination of polyphenols and flavonoids in HEMO were conducted.
Results: The HEMO and K2Cr2O7 combination reduced mPCES, WBC, KWT, RWT, urea, creatinine, and renal MDA compared to the K2Cr2O7-treated group. However, HEMO augmented PCV, SOD, and GST in contrast to K2Cr2O7 and improved renal histology. The HEMO is rich in flavonoids including kaempferol, ferrulic acid, and amentoflavone that could protect against chromium(VI)-induced toxicities.
Conclusion: The HEMO has the potential for use in the management and treatment of chromium(VI) toxicity.
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